It is the pressure differential the pump has to work against not the absolute pressure in the sytem. So if the pressure drop due to mechanical resistance is 1 bar say at 20c coolant temp it will pretty much be 1 bar at 100c whist the pressure of the entire system rises. It is pressurised to stop the coolant boiling & to stop it also cavitating at the pump.

Fully agree that though for seals etc the pressure is a risk factor in failure.