I think the fact that VW had a specific program only for use when it detected test conditions is damning.
This is different to tuning engines to reduce emissions. Camshaft profiles, injection, oil viscosity, gearing, tyres, etc have all changed to produce low emission figures not always for the better.
Why does a remapped diesel produce a smoother, quicker and more economical engine?
It would probably fail the Californian emissions test.


Titus

2007 +4 4 seater
2017 Mini Cooper
2007 VW Camper
1996 Honda TRX300
2012 Husqvarna 216